The geomagnetic latitude at which a particular line of force of the geomagnetic field, characterized by L (the altitude of the field line at the equator), intersects the Earth.
Inverse design is the process by which a structure is designed by first defining its desired properties, and then creating a mathematical model to determine the required shape, size, material or other
characteristics to achieve those properties.
Not a great term at first glance. The inverse of design should be chaos or spontaneous shapes forming from stochastic processes. However, the term Inverse Design should be seen as Design as an Inverse
Problem. Inverse Problems in science, are also not great terms. The inverse of a problem should be a solution, as a solution is what "undoes" the problem. However, we just have to accept that Inverse Problem is a scientific term. In science, Inverse Problems refers to problems where a parameterized model is given and a target model state or behavior is desired and the objective is to adjust parameters such that the model achieves the target state. Inverse Design thus means designing an object given a parameterized model and a target state or behavior by updating the model parameters.
Inverse design is the design process that starts with target properties of a design and then finds the values of suitable design parameters that satisfies the target properties. It is different from t
he traditional "forward" design process where we start with some values of design parameters and then evaluate the properties.
Given a set of input parameters and a function that outputs the response of a structure, inverse design is the process of estimating adequate values of the input parameters such that the response of t
he structure meets target properties prescribed a priori. By creating a mapping from outputs to inputs, inverse design thus reverses the conventional forward analysis process wherein one obtains the response of a structure given some input parameter values (a mapping from inputs to outputs).
One should note though that the term "inverse design" can be redundant as the term "design" alone already implies the solution of an "inverse" problem per se.
In meteorology, a departure from the usual decrease or increase with altitude of the value of an atmospheric quantity; also, the layer through which this departure occurs (the inversion layer), or the
lowest altitude at which the departure is found (the base of the inversion).