A group of stakes placed within a small area on the surface of a glacier, serving to improve estimates of the small-scale variability, and therefore of the sampling uncertainty, of surface mass balanc
e.
A thick hummocked grounded ice formation. Stamukhas form from floebergs and hummocked grounded ice fragments. They are distinguished by a large height (up to 10 m and more above sea level) and steep s
lopes. There are single grounded hummocks and lines (or chains) of grounded hummocks. Stamukhas forming at the same place from season to season are termed recurring stamukhas.
Thick ridges that become grounded during the winter and become part of the fast ice zone; while the rest of the fast ice melts during the summer, a stamukhi remains throughout the summer attached to t
he ocean bottom.