A hard snow surface lying upon a softer layer; may be formed by sun, rain or wind, and is described as breakable crust or unbreakable crust, depending upon weather it will break under the weight of a
turning skier.
Duplicate data are removed from the datastream and data are time ordered. Values are not adjusted for any potentialbiases or external factors. Similar to NASA Level 1.
A statistically defined discrepancy between ameasured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot becorrected by calculation or calibration.