Local name for a foehn that blows from the south (Hungary) across the Tatra Mountains south of Krakow, Poland, and descends the northern valleys; similar to the Alpine south foehn. It is sometimes sto
rmy and may reach 20-25 m/s (40-50 mph) in gusts, especially in spring and fall. It raises temperatures to as much as 14C above the normal for the season, and in winter and spring it causes avalanches. At Zakopane (in southern Poland) it sometimes blows as a high foehn. This wind occurs in front of depressions moving eastward in the Baltic.
The component of topographically generated winds that are parallel to the valley axis and can occur during conditions of light or calm synoptic-scale winds such as those near the center of anticyclone
s. At night, cold, dense air flowing down the river valley from the higher elevations is called a mountain wind or drainage wind with typical depths of 10 to 400 m and speeds of 1 to 8 m/s, while the weaker return circulation aloft is called an anti-mountain wind. During the day, the gentle up-valley flow of warm air along the valley floor is called a valley wind, and the return circulation aloft is called an anti-valley wind.
The occasional reappearance of sunset colors on a (snow-covered) mountaintop soon after sunset and a similar phenomenon before sunrise. Alpenglow has three phases. During evening twilight, the first s
tage is the mountain peak's usual coloration seen at low sun elevations h0 (h0 < 2). Second is the alpenglow proper that occurs a few minutes after the first color has faded (h0 slightly less than 0). The peaks are still in direct sunlight, and their colors are purer and often pinker than before. The alpenglow boundary may first occur hundreds of meters below the summit, then moves upward, and finally fades as the atmosphere's dark segment rises. Third is the afterglow, which occurs nearly simultaneously with the first purple light. The peaks are no longer in direct sunlight; the illumination is more diffuse and its boundary vaguer than in the earlier stages. The third stage lasts longer than the other two (-5 < h0 < -9), and its color varies from yellow to purple. A faint second afterglow has been reported and is associated with the rare occurrence of a second purple light. The alpenglow appears to be much less common at sunrise than at sunset. The morning colors are more pink and purple, while those of evening are more orange and red.