The outermost part of Earth's atmosphere, a tenuous halo of hydrogen and some helium extending out to perhaps 15 Earth radii, which emits Lyman-alpha radiation when it is bombarded by sunlight.
The study of earth materials including rock at temperatures below 0C. It is the science that studies the environment and ecology of cold regions, the natural, geological, physical and chemical process
es related to the freezing-thawing cycles, and the relationship with Permafrost and human activities.
The quantities latitude, longitude, and elevation which define the position of a point on the surface of a planet with respect to the reference spheroid.
The shortest distance between two points in space (or space-time). A geodesic on a sphere is an arc of a great circle. In the theory of general relativity, freely falling bodies follow geodesic paths
in space-time.
The shortest distance between two points in space (or space-time). A geodesic on a sphere is an arc of a great circle. In the theory of general relativity, freely falling bodies follow geodesic paths
in space-time.
Geodesy is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of a planet, including its gravity field, in a three-dimensional time varying space. Besides the gravity field,
geodesists study also geodynamical phenomena such as crustal motion, tides, and polar motion. For this they design global and national Control networks, using Space and terrestrial techniques while relying on datums and coordinate systems