The geocentric solar ecliptic system (GSE) has its X-axis pointing from the Earth towards the Sun and its Y-axis is chosen to be in the ecliptic plane pointing towards dusk (thus opposing planetary mo
tion). Its Z-axis is parallel to the ecliptic pole. Relative to an inertial system this system has a yearly rotation.
Geocentric Solar Ecliptic - A coordinatesystem where the X axis is from Earth to Sun. Z axis is normal to theecliptic, positive northward. See Russell, 1971.
Geocentric Solar Equatorial - A coordinatesystem where the X axis is from Earth to Sun. Y axis is parallel to solarequatorial plane. Z axis is positive northward. See Russell, 1971
This system has its X axis towards the Sun and its Z axis is the projection of the Earth's magnetic dipole axis (positive North) on to the plane perpendicular to the X axis. The direction of the geoma
gnetic field near the nose of the magnetosphere is well-ordered by this system. Thus it is considered the best system to use when studying the effects of interplanetary magnetic field components (e.g. Bz) on magnetospheric and ionospheric phenomena.
Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric - Acoordinate system where the X axis is from Earth to Sun, Z axis is northwardin a plane containing the X axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis. SeeRussell, 1971
A member of a class of stars to which the Sun belongs. The G-type stars on the main sequence have surface temperatures of 5,300-6,000 K and therefore appear yellow in color. G type giant stars (such a
s Capella) are almost 100-500 K colder than the corresponding main sequence stars. G type supergiants have temperatures of 4,500-5,500 K. The spectrum of early type G stars, such as the Sun (G2), is dominated by ionized lines of calcium (H and K lines, mainly) and neutral metals. In later type G stars the molecular bands of CH molecules and CN molecules become visible. The main sequence and giant stars have masses of ~ 1 solar mass, while the supergiants are of ~ 10 solar masses. The luminosities of G-type giants are almost 30-60 times greater than that of the Sun, whereas the supergiants are 10,000-30,000 times more luminous.
A member of a class of stars to which the Sun belongs. The G-type stars on the main sequence have surface temperatures of 5,300-6,000 K and therefore appear yellow in color. G type giant stars (such a
s Capella) are almost 100-500 K colder than the corresponding main sequence stars. G type supergiants have temperatures of 4,500-5,500 K. The spectrum of early type G stars, such as the Sun (G2), is dominated by ionized lines of calcium (H and K lines, mainly) and neutral metals. In later type G stars the molecular bands of CH molecules and CN molecules become visible. The main sequence and giant stars have masses of ~ 1 solar mass, while the supergiants are of ~ 10 solar masses. The luminosities of G-type giants are almost 30-60 times greater than that of the Sun, whereas the supergiants are 10,000-30,000 times more luminous.